Cryptocrystalline quartz and moganite mixture. The term is generally only used for white or lightly colored material. Otherwise more specific names are used.
Agate
Multi-colored, banded chalcedony, semi-translucent to translucent
Onyx
Agate where the bands are straight, parallel and consistent in size.
Jasper
Opaque cryptocrystalline quartz, typically red to brown
Aventurine
Translucent chalcedony with small inclusions (usually mica) that shimmer.
Tiger's eye
Fibrous gold to red-brown colored quartz, exhibiting chatoyancy.
Rock Crystal
Clear, colorless
Amethyst
Purple, transparent
Ametrine
Purple and yellowish-orange
Citrine
Yellow to reddish orange to brown, greenish yellow
Vermarine
Mint green, transparent
Rose Quartz
Pink, translucent, may display diasterism
Ruilated Quartz
Contains acicular (needle-like) inclusions of rutile
Milky Quartz
White, translucent to opaque, may display diasterism
Smoky quartz
Brown to gray, opaque
Carnelian
Reddish orange chalcedony, translucent
Sardonyx
Brighter Carnelian.
Dumorite quartz
Contains large amounts of dumortierite crystals
Inferno quartz
The only quartz in Venture that is not on Earth, inferno quartz is highly located in the Purgatory.
Aura Quartz
Rainbow Aura Quartz
A titanium enhancement that is rainbow-colored.
Aura Quartz
Base form of metal-coated crystals/enhancements.
Aqua Aura
Aura quartz coated in gold fumes.
Angel Aura
Aura quartz bonded with silver and platinum.
Flame Aura
Coated in copper and silver.
Opal Aura
See also: Opal
Quartz bonded with Platinum, and has a pearly sheen.
Granite-based
Feldspar
Key component of Granite.
Granite
Crystal made of Feldspar and Quartz.
Zircon
Another component of Granite.
Diamonds
White Diamond
Normal, clear cut diamonds.
Pink Diamond
Type IIa colored diamond.
Blue Diamond
Faint 'fancy color' diamond.
Yellow Diamond
Deep 'fancy color' diamond.
Metallic/Mineral Based
Metallic Based
Bismuth
Metallic, slightly radioactive rainbow crystal.
Silicon (Energy Crystal)
An energy-producing cystal.
Mineral Based
Amphibole
Crystal made of Nedle-like crystalline and Mineral.
Casserite
Tin oxide mineral based crystal.
Lapis Lazuli
Deep blue crystal & currency.
Mica
Mineral based crystal partially rock.
Olivine
Lime green crystalline.
Peridot
Olivine gem & currency.
Pyroxene
Key component of Amphiboles.
Trivia
Currently, there is only one crystal in both Venture and Terraria, and it is diamonds. However, emeralds might be added, which are also in both.